The first case of teeth discoloration induced by linezolid in children in China Mainland

Linezolid is an oxazolidinone antimicrobial agent often used to treat multidrug-resistant Gram-positive bacterial infections. The common adverse reactions of linezolid are diarrhea, nausea, headache and bone marrow suppression, and so on. Here, we report the first case of teeth discoloration induced by linezolid linked with extrinsic discoloration in China Mainland. This case report highlights a rare adverse reactions of a commonly used antibiotic.     

Safety of local anesthetics

Local anesthetics are essential medications for the conduction of dermatological procedures. They stop the depolarization of nerve fibers and are divided into two main categories, the amide and ester types. Systemic toxicity with reflex on the central nervous and cardiovascular systems is their most feared adverse reactions, and the anaphylactic reaction is the most concerning one. Although potentially fatal, these events are extremely rare, so local anesthetics are considered safe for use in in-office procedures.     

放射介入治疗子宫肌瘤的疗效分析

目的探讨放射介入治疗子宫肌瘤的临床治疗作用。方法选择2017年4月～2018年2月我院收治的子宫肌瘤患者100例,随机分为两组,各50例,常规保守组采取常规药物治疗,放射介入组则采取放射介入治疗。比较两组疾病疗效、子宫肌瘤缩小时间、患者自觉体征好转时间、治疗前后患者各项生活质量评分、不良反应。结果放射介入组疾病疗效、子宫肌瘤缩小时间、患者自觉体征好转时间、各项生活质量评分均优于常规保守组(P0.05)。放射介入组和常规保守组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论放射介入治疗子宫肌瘤效果确切,具有疗效高、治疗时间短、可更好改善患者生活质量的优点,值得推广应用。     

微型种植体支抗与口外弓支抗对安氏Ⅱ类1分类错牙合畸形患者的矫治效果对比分析

目的:分析比较微型种植体支抗与口外弓支抗对安氏Ⅱ类1分类错牙合畸形患者的矫治效果。方法:收集笔者医院95例安氏Ⅱ类1分类错牙合畸形患者临床资料,根据其治疗方法将之分为口外弓支抗(MIA组)46例和微型种植体支抗组(HGA组)49例,比较其矫正前后头影测量结果和模型测量结果,矫治时间和不良反应。结果:治疗后,MIA组牙合平面与SN平面夹角(OP-SN)、上颌中切牙牙长轴与SN平面夹角(U1-SN)、上唇突度、下唇突度、上唇最凸点至E线垂直距离(E line-UL)、下唇最凸点至E线垂直距离(E line-LL)、覆牙合(OB)、覆盖(OJ)均小于HGA组(P<0.05),矫治时间短于HGA组(P<0.05),总不良反应发生率与HGA组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:对比HGA,MIA对安氏Ⅱ类1分类错牙合畸形患者的矫治效果更佳,且能够缩短矫治时间。     

Orofacial manifestations in patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases

The main orofacial manifestation of the inflammatory rheumatic diseases is that of Sjögren's syndrome. In addition, there is a constellation of orofacial manifestations of the inflammatory rheumatic diseases, many of which are extra-articular with some constituting presenting signs of the underlying rheumatic disease. This review will discuss the orofacial manifestations in a variety of connective tissue diseases and will also allude to the oral adverse drug reactions that may occur as a consequence of therapy.     

P38 and JNK signal pathways are involved in the regulation of phlorizin against UVB‐induced skin damage

Phlorizin is well known to inhibit sodium/glucose cotransporters in the kidney and intestine for the treatment of diabetes, obesity and stress hyperglycaemia. However, the effects of phlorizin against ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation and its molecular mechanism are still unknown. We examined the effects of phlorizin on skin keratinocyte apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, pro‐inflammatory responses after UVB irradiation and the changes of some signal molecules by in vitro and in vivo assay. We observed that phlorizin pretreatments inhibited HaCaT cell apoptosis and overproduction of ROS induced by UVB. Phlorizin also decreased the expression of UVB‐induced pro‐inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin‐1 beta (IL‐1β), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) at the mRNA level. Topical application of phlorizin on UVB‐exposed skin of nude mice prevented the formation of scaly skin and erythema, inhibited the increase of epidermal thickness and reduced acute inflammation infiltration in skin. Additionally, PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemical data showed that phlorizin reversed the overexpression of cyclooxygenase‐2 (Cox‐2) induced by UVB irradiation both in vitro and in vivo. The activation of p38 and JNK mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPK) after UVB irradiation was also inhibited by phlorizin. These findings suggest that phlorizin is effective in protecting skin against UVB‐induced skin damage by decreasing ROS overproduction, Cox‐2 expression and the subsequent excessive inflammation reactions. It seemed that p38 and JNK MAPK signal pathways are involved in the regulation of the protective function of phlorizin.     

胺碘酮在室性心律失常治疗中的疗效分析

目的：分析胺碘酮在室性心律失常治疗中的效果。方法选取室性心律失常患者130例，随机均分为实验组和对照组（n=65），对照组予以常规抗心律失常治疗，实验组在对照组基础上加用胺碘酮。比较2组患者临床疗效和不良反应。结果对照组疗效优、良、中、差人数分别为21、32、8、4例，总优良率81.54%；实验组疗效优、良、中、差人数分别为27、35、3、0例，总优良率95.38%；实验组总优良率明显高于对照组，2组差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。实验组不良反应发生率为6.15%，稍高于对照组4.62%，差异无统计学意义。结论胺碘酮治疗室性心律失常疗效显著，且安全性广，不良反应少且轻，值得临床推广。     

Number of drugs most frequently found to be independent risk factors for serious adverse reactions: a systematic literature review

In order to reduce the numbers of medication errors (MEs) that cause adverse reactions (ARs) many authors have tried to identify patient-related risk factors. However, the evidence remains controversial. The aim was to review systematically the evidence on the relationship between patient-related risk factors and the risk of serious ARs. A systematic search in Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Systematic Reviews, Psychinfo and SweMed+ was performed. Included full text articles were hand searched for further references. Peer reviewed papers including adults from primary and secondary healthcare were included if they clearly defined seriousness of the ARs and described correlations to risk factors by statistical analysis. A total of 28 studies were identified including 85 212 patients with 3385 serious ARs, resulting in an overall frequency of serious ARs in 4% of patients. Age, gender and number of drugs were by far the most frequently investigated risk factors. The total number of drugs was the most consistent correlated risk factor found in both univariate and multivariate analyses. The number of drugs is the most frequently documented independent patient-related risk factor for serious ARs in both the general adult population as well as in the elderly. The existing evidence is however conflicting due to heterogeneity of populations and study methods. The knowledge of patient-related risk factors for experiencing ARs could be used for electronic risk stratification of patients and thereby allocation of healthcare resources to high risk patients.